|
TOC - Fossil Man Home |
|
For all who believe in the literal reading of the Christian Bible, the passage
"one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day"
2 Peter 3:8), is my basis to believe that even though God made all living things on
earth (In 7 days per the text) there is no fixed human time limit for having done so, since God is eternity
itself, the passage might
just as well have read "a million years". I
believe that a million and numbers greater were not a fathomable concept by
our farming and trading ancestors at the time text finally came into use.
As I understand, the Sumerians invented and passed on the first writing
called cuneiform. Prior to that symbols were used to express an
object of trade by merchants. As an example, for 400 years (1604-1611) we were taught; in the truest sincerity, the story of Moses parting the "RED SEA" - it turns out that this was translated from the Greek which was translated from Hebrew, but a re-translation of the original Hebrew produced the correct translation of "REED SEA". The Reed Sea is/was a tidal marsh near the mouth of the Nile, and when the tide is out it can be walked across. Pharaoh's forces were probably crossing when the tide came in and Moses no doubt knew this all along, setting a trap for Pharaoh's troops. Therefore, the Bible itself gives us reason why both the Bible and the archeologist are correct. |
|
My Fossil Man pages are for information about the primates that are
thought to be in the Homo Sapien Sapien line of descent. As a minimum I hope this is
entertaining.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_evolution_fossils
Highly recommended - That place will fill your brain. |
|
The Lower
Paleolithic lasted between 2.5 million-200,000 years ago (or at least
according to one permutation), and it was when the Hominin ancestors of
human beings, including Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus and
Homo ergaster, roamed most of the earth and began making the first stone
tools. |
Homo habilis or "Handy-man" is a species of the genus Homo, which lived from
approximately 2.3 to 1.4 million years ago at the beginning of the
Pleistocene period. Found in Tanzania, East Africa, between 1962 and
1964. Homo habilis or possibly H. rudolfensis was the earliest
known species of the genus Homo until May 2010, when H. gautengensis was
discovered, a species believed to be even older than H. habilis.
In its appearance and morphology, H. habilis is thus the least similar to
modern humans of all species in the genus (except possibly H. rudolfensis).
H. habilis was short and had disproportionately long arms compared to modern humans; however, it had a less protruding face than the australopithecines from which it is thought to have descended. H. habilis had a cranial capacity slightly less than half of the size of modern humans. Despite the ape-like morphology of the bodies, H. habilis remains are often accompanied by primitive stone tools (e.g. Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania and Lake Turkana, Kenya). Homo habilis has often been thought to be the ancestor of the more gracile and sophisticated Homo ergaster, which in turn gave rise to the more human-appearing species, Homo erectus. Debates continue over whether H. habilis is a direct human ancestor, and whether all of the known fossils are properly attributed to the species. However, in 2007, new findings suggest that the two species coexisted and may be separate lineages from a common ancestor instead of H. erectus being descended from H. habilis. Homo habilis is generally accepted as the supposed ancestor of the genus Homo,[8] and often of H. ergaster most directly. This taxon's status as a legitimate species within "Homo", however, is particularly contentious. H. habilis and H. ergaster coexisted for 200,000-300,000 years, possibly indicating that these species diverged from a common ancestor. It is unclear what genetic influence H. ergaster had on later hominids. Recent genetic analysis has generally supported the Out-of-Africa hypothesis, and this may designate H. ergaster the role of ancestor to all later hominids.[10] |
  Homo ergaster is an extinct chronospecies of Homo that
lived in eastern and southern Africa during the early Pleistocene, about
2.5–1.7 million years ago.[1] There is still disagreement on the subject of
the classification, ancestry, and progeny of H. ergaster, but it is now
widely accepted to be the direct ancestor of later hominids such as Homo
heidelbergensis, Homo sapiens, and Homo neanderthalensis rather than Asian
Homo erectus.[2] It is one of the earliest members of the genus Homo,
possibly descended from, or sharing a common ancestor with, Homo habilis.[3]Many paleoanthropologist still debate the definition of H. ergaster and H. erectus as separate species. Some call H. ergaster the direct African ancestor of H. erectus, proposing that H. ergaster emigrated out of Africa and into Asia, branching into a distinct species.[5] Most dispense with the species-name ergaster, making no distinction between such fossils as the Turkana Boy and Peking Man. Though "Homo ergaster" has gained some acceptance as a valid taxon, H. ergaster and H. erectus are still usually defined as distinct African and Asian populations of the larger species H. erectus. (For the remainder of this article, the name "Homo ergaster" will be used to describe a distinct species for the convenience of continuity in reading.) H. ergaster may be distinguished from H. erectus by its thinner skull-bones and lack of an obvious supraorbital foramen. It may be distinguished from Homo heidelbergensis by its thinner bones, more protrusive face, and lower forehead. Derived features separating it from earlier species include reduced sexual dimorphism,[6] a smaller, more orthognathous (less protrusive) face, a smaller dental arcade, and a larger cranial capacity (700-900cmł in earlier ergaster-specimens, and 900-1100 in later specimens).[7] It is estimated that male H. ergaster stood 1.89 meters (6 ft 2 in) tall. Remains have been found in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Africa. Homo ergaster was probably the first hominid to "use a human voice", though its symbolic cognition was probably somewhat limited compared to modern humans. H. ergaster is believed to have diverged from the lineage of H. habilis between 1.9 and 1.8 million years ago; the lineage that emigrated Africa and fathered H. erectus diverged from the lineage of H. ergaster almost immediately after this. These early descendants of H. ergaster may have been discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia. H. ergaster remained stable for ca. 500,000 years in Africa before disappearing from the fossil record around 1.4 million years ago. No identifiable cause has been attributed to this disappearance; the later evolution of the similar H. heidelbergensis in Africa may indicate that this is simply a hole in the record, or that some intermediate species has not yet been discovered. Homo ergaster used more diverse and sophisticated stone tools than its predecessor, Homo habilis. H. ergaster refined the inherited Oldowan developing the first Acheulean bifacial axes:[12] while the use of Acheulean tools began ca. 1.6 million years ago, the line of H. erectus diverged some 200,000 years before the general innovation of Acheulean technology. Thus the Asian migratory descendants of H. ergaster made no use of any Acheulean technology. |
Homo Rudolfensis [This example is from
http://archaeologyinfo.com/homo-rudolfensis/ I am surprised
that for the first time an artist rendition of fossil man is shown without a
ton of hair that seems to dominate most all other renditions.
There is currently an on going debate about at what time most all body hair
disappeared - that debate is more in-depth in the DNA community, some
believe they have discovered the "hair" gene, obviously there is much more
research needed. But also recient documentaries by the BBC
depict our ancestors, as hairless as we are today, although you
might know of some that seem to have gene regression. I have
read that humans actually have more hail than a gorilla but because it is so
light you can't see it. But, regarding color, it seems everyone
expects all people of African origin to be black, I have yet to hear
that skin has ever been discovered on a fossil. We do know the
Sahara has been a place of much rain, forest, fruits and game in abundance.
Even today not all people of Africa are black. Someday, DNA may
be able to answer that question. The bush men of Africa for
instance may be the oldest Homo sapiens living and they are brown.]This species designation of Homo rudolfensis is a much debated topic, over both whether it is a separate species, and if it is an australopithecine rather than a member of the genus Homo. The type specimen of the species is KNM-ER 1470 and was discovered by Bernard Ngeneo of Richard Leakey’s team in 1972, east of Lake Turkana at Koobi Fora in northern Kenya. This discovery was of a fairly complete cranium without any remaining teeth. Due to uncertainties created by its large brain size and its early initial dates, Leakey did not attribute the specimen to a species, but simply as a member of the genus Homo. Richard Leakey's research team attributed the toothless cranium to the genus Homo with the species indeterminate due to the large brain size and questionable morphological association with known hominids. The cranium was reconstructed by Meave Leakey into two main pieces that give an estimated brain size of 775cc. The specimen was originally thought to be around 2.9 myr old, due to an inaccurate dating of 2.6 myr for the KBS volcanic tuff located above it. This inaccuracy was caused by contamination of older material, and the tuff is now know to be much younger. The specimen is now thought to date to approximately 1.8 myr. Though this date is now generally accepted for the specimen, the geologists who originally dated the KBS tuff continue to argue for a later date for the specimen. While they admit the dating of the volcanic tuff was inaccurate, F. Fitch and colleagues claim that the depth of the specimen beneath the tuff shows a much earlier age, dating to around 2.4 myr. |
 
Homo Heidelbergensis ("Heidelberg Man", named after the University of
Heidelberg) is an extinct species of the genus Homo which may be[1] the
direct ancestor of both Homo neanderthalensis in Europe and Homo sapiens.
The best evidence found for these hominin date between 600,000 and 400,000
years ago. H. heidelbergensis stone tool technology was very close to that
of the Acheulean tools used by Homo erectus.Both H. antecessor and H.
heidelbergensis are likely to be descended from the morphologically very
similar Homo ergaster from Africa. But because H. heidelbergensis had a
larger brain-case — with a typical cranial volume of 1100–1400 cmł
overlapping the 1350 cmł average of modern humans — and had more advanced
tools and behavior, it has been given a separate species classification. The
species was tall, 1.8 m (6 ft) on average, and more muscular than modern
humans. Males may have weighed around 100 kg (220 lb). According to
Professor Lee R. Berger of the University of Witwatersrand, numerous fossil
bones indicate some populations of Heidelbergensis were "giants" routinely
over 2.13 m (7 ft) tall and inhabited South Africa between 0.5 million and
300,000 years ago. |
| The Neolithic period as a notion is based on an idea of an Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) and New Stone Age (Neolithic). The definition of Neolithic is now seen as a "package" of characteristics: groundstone tools, rectangular buildings, pottery, people living in settled villages and, most importantly, the production of food by developing a working relationship with animals and plants called domestication. |
Ötzi the Iceman (pronounced ertsie), Similaun Man, and Man from Hauslabjoch
are modern names for a well-preserved natural mummy of a man who lived about 5,300
years ago. The mummy was found in September 1991 in the Ötztal Alps,
near Hauslabjoch on the border between Austria and Italy. The nickname
comes from the Ötztal (Ötz valley), the Italian Alps in which he was
discovered. He is Europe's oldest natural human mummy, and has offered an
unprecedented view of Chalcolithic (Copper Age) Europeans. His body and
belongings are displayed in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in
Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy.
Free reconstruction of equipment said to depict the original equipment of
Ötzi the Iceman now at the Museum Bélesta (Pyrénées-Orientales), France. |
The Mesolithic (or "middle
stone") period (12,000-7000 years ago) is traditionally that time period in
the Old World between the last glaciation at the end of the Paleolithic and
the beginning of the Neolithic, when farming communities began to be
established. During the first three thousand years of what scholars
recognize as the Mesolithic, a period of climatic instability made life very
interesting in Europe, with gradual warming abruptly switching to 1200 years
of very cold dry weather called the Younger Dryas. By 9000 BC, the climate
had stabilized to close to what it is today. |
||||
| Home Top |